What Is a Cluster Headache?
A cluster headache(CH) is an extremely painful type of headache that occurs repeatedly over a span of time. There are many treatments for cluster headaches for both short term and long term relief, as well as lifestyle changes that can prevent a cluster period from beginning.
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Risk Factors
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Certain risk factors may lead to the onset of cluster headaches. Adults are prone to cluster headaches, particularly black males, and individuals with a family history of CHs are also more likely to develop them in adulthood. Finally, smoking and drinking increase the chance of having cluster headaches.
Symptoms
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A cluster headache is characterized by a stabbing pain around the eyes, typically on one side. The affected eye may become puffy and watery as well, with a drooping eyelid, and the nostril on the same side of the face may be stuffy or runny; the pain may radiate to other areas, including the neck and shoulders.
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Immediate Relief
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There are both long term and short term treatments for cluster headaches. Short term treatments are intended to relieve symptoms while waiting for the long term measures to become fully effective. Some short term treatments include corticosteroids which suppress inflammation but, due to certain side effects, are only for short term use. Another short term medication is Ergotamine, which helps prevent cluster headaches at night.
Long Term Relief
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When a cluster period begins, a doctor may prescribe calcium channel blockers, which should be taken regularly during the cluster period in order to shorten the duration and intensity of the attacks. When cluster periods recur frequently, calcium channel blockers may be taken for longer periods. Lithium is another long term medication used to prevent cluster periods that needs to be taken regularly, and must be monitored by a doctor due to potentially serious side effects.
Prevention
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Many triggers can bring on headaches during a cluster period, such as alcohol, nicotine, high altitudes, fumes from volatile chemicals and nitrates in food. Maintaining a regular sleeping schedule can help prevent the onset of cluster periods.
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