What Is Acute Bronchospasm?

An acute bronchospasm is an abnormal contraction of the bronchi that causes them to narrow. It is common in asthmatics. This condition leads to wheezing and coughing as the airway is obstructed or narrowed. Frequently, sticky mucous is produced, which further narrows the airways and makes breathing increasingly difficult and labored.

Causes

Acute bronchospasms can be caused by a variety of conditions. The most common are asthma, respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Particularly in asthmatics, the bronchospasms are triggered by allergies; upper respiratory infections; or irritants such as smoke, aerosol sprays, excessive dust or strong odors like paint.

Symptoms

Acute bronchospasms typically begin with coughing. As the attack continues, the affected person experiences wheezing, which is a sound like a whistle when the person takes a breath. He may also experience a tightness in the chest.

Considerations

Acute bronchospasm is not a disease but a symptom of other conditions, such as those listed under Causes (above). If you have asthma, emphysema or other respiratory conditions and you start having acute bronchospasms, it is a sign that your primary condition is manifesting itself.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the attack and the underlying cause. Asthmatics frequently have bronchodilators they can use to minimize or stop the bronchospasms. If your bronchodilator doesn't work, you may be prescribed corticosteroids, cromolyn or long-acting beta-2 agonists.

Warning

If you experience acute bronchospasms and your coughing won't stop, you have wheezing or worsening shortness of breath, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible. If left untreated, this could result in permanent lung damage or death.