What Are the Cook Islands?

The Cook Islands are one of the most geographically isolated places in the world. About as far to the equator as Hawaii, the Cook Islands offer visitors unparalleled opportunities for relaxation and leisure activities. But the islands are also home to a distinct Polynesian population with regional differences highlighted from one island to the next.

Geography

Situated in the South Pacific Ocean, the Cook Islands are situated over 1,000 miles northeast of New Zealand and are sandwiched between Fiji and French Polynesia. The 15 main islands that make up the group are divided generally into north and south are spread over an area of more than 1 million square miles. Formed by volcanoes, the Cook Islands lie in a moderate to tropical climate and of the two, the northern group of islands is older. Of note in the northern group is the presence of numerous atolls, peaks of former volcanoes with only their highest points above water and generally enclosing reef systems. The capital city of Avarua is located on the island of Rarotonga.

History

It is currently believed that Polynesians were the first occupants of the Cook Islands. Coming from Tahiti in the southeast, evidence of settlement points to an arrival during the fifth century of the Common Era. The first known encounters with the outside world were with sailors from Europe during the the early 1600s. The name of the islands comes from Captain James Cook, an Englishman famous for exploring much of the area in his search of the mythical land, Terra Australis. The islands became a protectorate of Britain in 1888 to halt the French from expanding into the islands, and this protectorate was transferred to New Zealand in 1901. Although the islands are largely independent today, New Zealand assumes defense of the islands.

Arts

Not only in the Cook Islands, but throughout much of the South Pacific, each island specialized in specific art items that were then traded and bartered for items from other islands. For the Cook Islands, woodcarving, weaving and a form of quilt design referred to as Tivaivai are common. The island of Atiu is well known for producing intricately carved seats from wood. Rarotonga islanders create wooden staffs headed by gods guiding fisherman. Weaving of traditional hats, blankets, mats using coconut fiber are sought-after items on the island of Mangaia by tourists. Tivaivai is a more recent art form, likely introduced in some form by Christian missionaries.

Economy

Due to the fact that the Cook Islands are geographically isolated, the country suffers somewhat economically. Agriculture makes up the largest block of the economy contributing in the form of fruit and coconut. Manufacturing facilities tend to be related to the processing of fruit as well as clothing and handicrafts. New Zealand plays a central role in aiding the islands economically. Tourism, fishing, mining, and to some extent offshore banking, have had some impact on the economy as well.

Tourism

For visitors, residents of the Cook Islands are famed for their hospitality. The island offers incredible opportunities for outdoor activities. In the northern islands there are numerous atolls that are the perfect place to try snorkeling or scuba diving for the first time. The islands also offer decent surfing and excellent fishing opportunities. For hikers, Rarotonga is mountainous and offers many trails for those seeking to explore the island's interior.