Side Effects of Prednisone Treatment

As with most steroid medications, prednisone can be prescribed for a number of different uses. It's a powerful drug that can cause dependency issues when taken for too long. Adrenal gland function is affected by the use of this drug. As a result, the potential for experiencing side effects is high.

Identification

Prednisone--also known as Deltasone--is a prescription medication used to treat conditions involving inflammation. It's classified as a corticosteroid drug, meaning it's a member of the steroid family. This drug is used to treat a number of conditions, some of which include arthritis, allergies, skin conditions, lupus and ulcerative colitis. As with all steroids, there are a number of possible side effects associated with the use of prednisone. The risk for side effects increases the longer a person is taking it. Higher dosage amounts can also lead to adverse effects.

Function

Prednisone's chemical make-up is similar to hormones produced by the body. As a result, the body's system becomes accustomed to it after about a week. When this happens, the body makes less of its own natural steroid and so becomes dependent on the drug. In addition to this, prednisone also works to suppress the immune system. Its immunosuppressant ability is the mechanism that heals areas affected by inflammation. The drawback is that a weakened system means the body is less able to ward off colds and infections.

Short Term Effects

Prednisone belongs to the glucorticoid branch of the corticosteroid family, which means it affects the body's blood sugar levels. As a result, one of the short-term side effects of the drug is high blood sugar. This is especially true for people who have diabetes. Raised blood sugar levels can trigger water retention, weight gain and high blood pressure. Other possible short-term effects include euphoria, insomnia, headaches, muscle fatigue, facial hair growth and mania.

Long Term Effects

The longer a person is on prednisone, the higher the risk of encountering long term side effects. As steroids are hormones, and hormones regulate essential body functions, any changes in hormone levels has the potential to disrupt the body's normal functioning. Irregular menstrual cycles, easy bruising and stomach ulcerations are all possible long-term effects. Long-term use can also lead to psychiatric problems, some of which include depression, mood swings and personality changes. The most damaging effect to the body is how this drug affects bone density. Prolonged use can lead to osteoporosis that results in bone fractures.

Considerations

The greatest risk of encountering side effects occurs when treatment is stopped abruptly. A gradual decrease in dosage is needed to allow the body to start re-manufacturing its own version of the hormone. When stopped abruptly, possible symptoms to look out for are shock, nausea and vomiting. The time it takes to wean the body off of prednisone will depend on the dosage amount and the length of time it was taken. It's always best to consult with a physician before discontinuing any medication.

Resources

• Prednisone & Other Corticosteroids