What Is a Camera Lens?
A camera lens, also known as a photographic lens, is used in conjunction with a camera's body to create images on film or electronic media. There are many different types of lenses and filters that can be put on the lens to create specific effects, such as blocking out the sun or removing polarization.
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Surface
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In most lenses, the surface has a special coating that reduces abrasion, reflection and flare. Many lenses today are multi-coated to reduce such effects. Filters can be purchased to put over the lens to create or eliminate effects such as ultraviolet light. Lenses that have no cement or coating are a rare find.
Focus
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To focus your lens you will adjust the distance between the lens and the focal point of your scene. You can also move the elements around in a scene. Some lenses have a built in system that adjusts distances between groups of points as you focus your lens. This is often referred to as close range correction or a floating lens element. To focus your lens on the scene you will hold your hand over your lens and manually rotate it while looking through the view finder until the focal point is clear and in focus. If you have your camera set to automatic focus, you can also hold down the shutter button halfway, and it will automatically focus the lens for you. To set your focus to automatic, you will look for the letters A and M on your lens. There should be a small switch that will allow you to set your focus to automatic or manual, depending on the model.
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Material
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The most commonly used material in the creation of a lens is glass. Glass is used because it has good optical properties and a strong resistance to scratches. Some other materials that may be used are quartz, fluorite, and plexiglass. Plastic is a good material to use in aspherical lenses because these types of lenses are difficult to make with glass. Lenses made from plastic are cheap but easily scratched and are common in disposable cameras.
Types
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There are four major types of lenses. Normal lenses have an angle view of about 50 degrees. Macro lenses have a much more narrow view of 25 degrees and the focal length is longer. Wide angle lenses have an angle of 60 degrees and can fit more into the scene. Telephoto lenses have a long focal length and can capture scenes from a large distance.
Prices
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Camera lens prices can vary based on the brand and type. Basic lenses are normally the cheapest and can range from $50 to $150 dollars. Wide angle lenses can be more expensive starting at $100 dollars. Macros lenses can range up to $500 dollars, and telephoto lenses can be even more expensive.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit www.jupiterimages.com
