What are the Muslim Death Traditions?

Muslim death traditions differ depending on the wealth of the deceased's family, as well as the nation he is from. For instance, for some Middle Eastern Muslims, organ transplantation is acceptable while many Indian Muslims prohibit this. Some similarities exist, however, regardless of the culture. Islamic funeral rituals, like traditions in other cultures, seeks to bring together the living and honor the dead.

Rituals as One Nears Death

When a man is about to die, a section of the Koran is read to him, relating to the wonderful afterlife he is to have if he is a believer. He is also given some drops of sarbat.

The Funeral

After the death, preparations are made for the burial, since in Islam, the dead are never cremated. As in Judaism, there is no embalming out of respect for the dead. Burial is conducted quickly after death. The body is cleansed and wrapped in three layers of clothing for men and five layers of clothing for women. The body is then carried by male relatives to a mosque. Some fragrant material like camphor may be placed on the funeral bier. The funeral may also be held outside. A religious leader, such as an imam, the family priest or village Kazi, presides over the funeral. Women may be at the funeral, but are not allowed at the grave site. Additionally, a coffin is not always used. When it is, this may mean that the family is rich. The coffin used may simply be a wooden box. In it, the deceased is placed on his side and is facing Mecca.

Speaking to the Dead

While burial preparations are being made, someone, typically a relative, will talk to the dead person, letting him know that he has died and what is currently being done with him. This is done since the dead are believed to be able to hear and understand what is being said to them. They are also told about what will happen at the gravesite and the correct things to say, so that they may be able to see glimpses of heaven before their soul rests, waiting for Judgement Day. It is believed that two angels named Munkar and Nakir will be met at the gravesite. The deceased soul will be asked three questions: Who is your Lord? Who is your Prophet? What is your religion? To these questions, the deceased is instructed to reply Allah, Muhammad and Islam, respectively.

Burial

Following the lowering of the body into the ground, verses of the Koran are recited as the funeral attendants place small mounds of dirt over the body. After it has been completely covered and the hole filled in, a stone is placed at the head and foot of the body, a plant tree or branch is then placed near the stones. Then the Fatima, or the opening chapter of the Koran, is read.

After the Funeral

There is a morning feast given three days after the funeral during which a tray filled with flowers and a container of scented oil is passed around. Attendants take the flower and dip it into the oil. The flowers are then taken to the gravesite and placed on the grave. Feasts are given 40 days, four months, six months and nine months following the death.

Other Traditions

After the funeral, widows aren't allowed to change residences, remarry or wear decorative clothes or jewelry. Widows mourn for four month and 10 days. The mourning period is about three days for others. During this time, mourners abstain from wearing decorative jewelry or clothing.

Resources

• Muslim Death Traditions