Obstructive Coronary Disease

Obstructive coronary disease is also known as coronary artery disease (CAD). The Cleveland Clinic states that coronary artery disease is characterized by the presence of atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries. This is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that feed the heart. The plaque narrows these vessels and decreases the amount of blood reaching the tissue. Over time obstructive coronary disease can worsen and lead to a heart attack.

Signs & Symptoms

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute states that a common symptom of coronary artery disease is angina. This is pain and a feeling of tightness in the chest. If an artery becomes completely blocked, a heart attack can result. Heart failure may occur if the heart cannot pump enough blood. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute lists fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling as signs of heart failure. All of these conditions are symptoms of obstructive coronary disease.

Risk Factors

High cholesterol is a contributing factor, because cholesterol causes plaque to build up. The Mayo Clinic lists gender as a risk factor, saying that men are generally at greater risk for CAD. High blood pressure increases the tendency to develop CAD through damage and hardening of the vessels. Smoking is listed as a risk factor by the Mayo Clinic, because it constricts the blood vessels.

Diagnosis

The doctor will look at medical history and risk factors first when diagnosing obstructive coronary disease. There are tests doctors can use for diagnosis. An electrocardiogram shows the electrical activity of the heart. A stress test may be performed to check how well the heart works during exercise. An echocardiograph uses sound waves to show a moving image of the heart to check that chambers and valves are functioning properly. A cardiac catheterization checks for artery blockages.

Treatments

Treatment for coronary artery disease begins with lifestyle changes. The doctor will want patients who smoke to stop. A healthy diet and weight loss will help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Regular exercise may be prescribed. Medications such as aspirin, beta blockers, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors and drugs that lower cholesterol can be prescribed by the doctor. Surgical procedures to restore blood flow may be needed. These include angioplasty and stint placement, as well as bypass surgery.

Prevention

There are some things you can do to prevent the development of obstructive coronary disease. The Mayo Clinic suggests that leading a healthy lifestyle can help keep arteries strong, elastic and smooth. Not smoking can prevent artery damage. Exercise and a healthy diet can assist with controlling weight, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends taking prescribed medications. Reducing stress may also assist in preventing CAD.