What Are the Causes of Bronchospasms?

Bronchospasms are a condition where abnormal contractions and narrowing of the smooth muscle of the bronchi cause airways in the lungs to tighten. The condition makes breathing difficult, and it's presented by a rough cough with wheezing noises. Bronchospasms are one of the main symptoms of asthma. The airways into the lungs are normally controlled by the autonomous nervous system, but certain allergic reactions trigger the immune system, causing bronchospasms occur. While some narrowing is mild, severe asthmatic reactions can completely close airways, causing oxygen deprivation.

Allergies

Allergies to pollen, mold or dust are the most common causes of bronchospasms. When an invader, such as a virus or bacterium, enters the body, the immune system reacts by sending antibodies and immune cells to fight off the infection. Part of the immune response is swelling of tissues to allow the passage of immune cells into the infected area. In allergic reactions, this same system is triggered from allergens such as dust, pollen, mold or animal fur. Since many of these allergens exist in homes and common public areas, they can cause chronic closing of passages, making it uncomfortable and difficult for affected people to breathe.

Respiratory Infections

Asthmatic children are most susceptible to bronchospasms during respiratory infections. As with common household allergens, viral or bacterial chest infections trigger the same immune response. The problem with these microbes is the resistance to antibiotics and the tissue damage that occurs from chronic disease. Children susceptible to bronchospasms due to asthma should wash their hands frequently to avoid possible infection.

Irritants

Asthmatic bronchospasms can be induced by irritants in the air. Cigarette smoke, incense, aerosol sprays or perfumes are common airborne chemicals that cause bronchospasms. All of these things should be avoided, especially with asthmatic children in the area.

Exercise

Exercise is good for you, but strenuous exercise can also trigger bronchospams. People with allergies should always carry an inhalator in case swelling occurs during strenuous activities. Exercising during extreme cold weather can also cause bronchospasms, since the cold, dry air contracts the airway muscles. Even if severe contractions don't occur, people with allergies may have wheezing and coughing after jogging or walking.

Treatment

Treatment for bronchospasms is a combination of avoiding allergens and using medications that open airways for quick relief. Beta2-agonists relax airways and inhibit mast cells (the immune cell responsible for tissue swelling). Anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids are also used to inhibit bronchospasms.