Requirements to Become a Private Investigator

Private investigators work for small private firms or large federal organizations. They are responsible for finding information and properly analyzing it. Some work on violent crime cases, while others work with companies dealing with fraud. As of 2006, the United States employed approximately 52,000 private investigators. About one-third of these investigators were self-employed, often working for smaller firms as a second income. The amount of education and training needed depends on the time and size of firm, the state the investigator resides in and the state's laws and policies for private investigators.

Education

Having a formal education is not a requirement for most private investigator jobs. However, as of 2006, approximately 82 percent of all private investigators have some form of education beyond their high school diploma. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that 26 percent of private investigators have completed two or fewer years of college, 8 percent have their bachelor's degree, 13 percent have a master's degree and 3 percent have a professional degree or PhD. Many of these investigators studied criminal justice, law or business during their undergraduate or graduate work. Private investigators who work with computer forensics also study computer science or accounting during their formal education.

Training

While many private investigators obtain a formal education, on-the-job training is still essential to become successful in this field. Different firms have different training programs, but most will receive at least six to 12 months of formal training before taking on their own cases. This may include working with seasoned investigators or simply observing the actions of other investigators.

Licensure

All but seven states (as well as the District of Columbia) require private investigators to reach certain statewide requirements and obtain an official license in order to practice private investigating. Larger states, dealing with higher crime and bigger cases, are often more strict on their licensure policies. California, for one, requires more than 6,000 hours of training and education before an official license can be obtained. Most states also require a passing grade on a two-hour exam testing knowledge of state and federal laws and regulations. It is important to check directly with the state you are planning to work in, in order to find out its exact requirements.

Certification

There are organizations that will issue private investigator certifications after completely specific programs or training. The National Association of Legal Investigators is one of the most well-known organizations. This organization allows investigators to become Certified Legal Investigators. Being certified may help private investigators find jobs, get promotions or earn a higher salary.

Advancement

For private investigators who have completed years of on-the-job experience and other relevant formal education, organizations such as ASIS offer advanced certification to qualifying investigators. Many investigator firms will not allow high advancements without this certification. To obtain this certification, candidates must complete five years of investigation experience, two of those being management, as well as a passing score on a written exam.