ADA Handicap Ramp Requirements

Ramps are important for wheelchair users to access different levels in buildings. A full listing of wheelchair ramp specifications is located on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) website (see link below). According to the ADA, any part of an accessible route with a slope greater than 120 degrees shall be considered a ramp. There are specific requirements for landings, handrails, edge protection and outdoor conditions.

Landings

Level landings are essential to maintaining an aggregate slope for ADA guidelines. Ramps that are not level cause the individual to tip backwards on the ramp. Landings must be as wide as the ramp run leading to it. The landing length should be a minimum of 60 inches. If the landing changes direction, the minimum size is 60 by 60 inches. Landings in front of a doorway must comply with ADA specifications. The latch side of the door must be at least 44 inches wide.

Handrails

Handrails for adults have a maximum height of 28 inches. Buildings that are used primarily by children require a second set of handrails. To prevent entrapment, vertical clearance between upper and lower handrails must be 9 inches or more. Handrails are not required on curb ramps or adjacent seating. They must run parallel with the floor or ground surface. Ends of handrails must be rounded and return smoothly to the floor or post. They cannot rotate within their fittings.

Edge Protection

Ramps with drop-offs must have curbs. They also need walls, railings and projecting surfaces. Projecting surfaces prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs can be a minimum of 2 inches high. People who use a mobility device may lose their balance and fall on a ramp if it does not have edge protection.

Outdoor Conditions

All outdoor ramps must be designed so water cannot accumulate on walking surfaces. Outdoor area ramps, such as those found in parks, must be constructed without harming cultural, historic, or religious features or characteristics. Trails must be 36 inches wide and have no protruding objects in the way. Outdoor ramps must have the appropriate signage in view and sufficient room for passing.

Portable Ramps

There are several types of ramps available based on different needs. Multi-fold ramps are unfolded and require length to access vans and raised landings. Telescopic track ramps are two tracks that extend and lock to provide wheelchair access to minivans. Roll-up ramps assist wheelchairs and scooters up short steps, curbs and into vans. Threshold ramps must be installed to allow doors to open and close.

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References

• Americans with Disabilities Act

Resources

• Americans with Disabilities Act