- The three major features of asthma are airway obstruction, inflammation and airway irritability. In people with asthma, muscles that surround the airways tighten, resulting in less air moving in the lungs. Bronchial tubes are red and swollen. Treating this inflammation is important in managing asthma and the damage caused to the lungs. Airway irritability is worsened by triggers such as allergens or dust.
- Part of treating asthma is being able to identify the things that trigger it. Anything that can irritate your airways can trigger an asthma flare-up. This can be exercise or other physical activity, cold air, dust, pollen, mold, smoke or sickness. In addition to identifying triggers, knowing the symptoms of asthma are also an important part of treatment. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness or pressure in the chest, and mucus production.
- Those who have been diagnosed with asthma need to realize that even when symptoms are not present, they still have the disease and need to take precautions in managing any possible triggers. Asthma can flare-up at any time and certain activities can aggravate symptoms, resulting in an asthma attack. Treat any symptoms as soon as you notice them in an effort to prevent or reduce the severity of an attack.
- Since asthma is not a curable disease, the goal of treatment is to control it. This can be done by identifying and avoiding factors that can cause asthma flare-ups. Make sure you are taking your medications properly and keeping track of your symptoms. Discuss a treatment plan with your doctor which will include medication and using a peak flow meter to measure how well air is moving out of your lungs. Report any improvements or decline in your condition so your doctor may adjusts your medications and treatment plan to suit your current needs. Types of medication include long-term control anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce airway inflammation and help prevent asthma symptoms, and quick relief medication such as an inhaler which help relieve symptoms that flare up. Allergy medication is helpful if your asthma is triggered by airborne allergens.
- Asthma can affect your level of physical activity and limit the things you can get involved in. Some may feel frustrated or embarrassed by the affects asthma has on their lives, particularly children who may not be able to participate in certain activities with their peers. Asthma doesn't have to be completely limiting. There are still plenty of activities you can enjoy as long as you pay attention to your symptoms and continue to follow your treatment plan.
