About Diabetes in Dogs
Nearly one in 500 dogs develop diabetes at some point in their lives, according to the ParkVets Veterinary Group. This condition can be very serious, but most diabetic dogs live long and healthy lives with the proper treatment. There is no cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled with insulin injections and food modifications.
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What Is Diabetes?
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Dogs develop diabetes when they no longer produce enough insulin to process glucose in the blood, according to Dr. Peter Graham, a veterinarian specializing in canine diabetes. This is known as Type 1 Diabetes, and it is the most common form of diabetes in dogs. In a healthy animal, insulin ensures that blood glucose is processed by the liver or stored in the body. In a dog with diabetes, glucose is not processed effectively and blood sugar rises to unhealthy levels.
Risk Factors
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Several dog breeds have a high risk of developing diabetes, according to studies conducted by Rebecka Hess, a veterinarian at the University of Pennsylvania. Miniature and Toy Poodles, Pugs, Miniature Schnauzers and Samoyeds have the highest risk of developing diabetes. Generally, smaller dogs seem to have the greatest risk. Large breeds, including Pit Bulls and German Shepherds, have the lowest risk. Diabetes is also more common in females, especially unspayed females, and dogs between the ages of seven and nine.
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Symptoms
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The primary symptom of diabetes in dogs is frequent urination. This occurs because the dog's body is trying to get rid of excess glucose through the urine. Diabetes will also make a dog very thirsty, and you may notice that your dog is drinking large amounts of water. Diabetic dogs may also develop cataracts, act lethargic and lose weight even though they are eating normally. To confirm the diagnosis, your veterinarian will test your dog's blood and urine.
Treatment
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Just like in humans, diabetes in dogs is treated with insulin injections. According to Dr. Peter Graham, the size of the insulin dose varies and must be individually calculated for each dog. Your veterinarian will determine the correct dose for your dog and demonstrate how to perform the injections. Some dogs may require as many as two insulin injections per day. BD Diabetes, a manufacturer of canine insulin, estimates that owners of a diabetic dog will spend approximately $50 to $70 a month on insulin and supplies. In addition to insulin injections, regular exercise and a consistent feeding schedule are essential for your dog's health.
Food Recommendations
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Dr. Peter Graham recommends that dog owners use commercially-prepared dog food instead of making homemade meals. Commercial foods have consistent formulas and consistency in your diabetic dog's diet is very important. Your vet may prescribe a special diet, but in most cases, standard pet food is acceptable. Avoid canned dog food because it is often very high in fat. A study at the University of Pennsylvania found that diabetic dogs respond well to dry, high-fiber dog food.
Warnings
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Dogs with diabetes can lead normal and healthy lives, but in rare cases diabetes can cause medical complications. If your dog is vomiting, has diarrhea, refuses to eat or has breath that smells like fruit, you should seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms could indicate a condition known as ketoacidosis. This is frequently seen in diabetic dogs that have an infection and requires immediate treatment. Talk to your veterinarian if you have any questions or concerns about diabetes or how to treat your diabetic dog.
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Resources
- Photo Credit Egilshay at www.sxc.hu
