Force Field Analysis Theory

Force field analysis is a simple but very effective method of decision making. This is a good tool for analyzing forces that may impact a change you want to implement, whether in your business or personal life. By listing pros and cons of the the change, you can use strategies to reduce the impact of negative forces and strengthen the positive forces.

History

Force field analysis was developed by the social psychologist Kurt Lewin. Lewin, who was born in Germany in 1890, is considered one of the founding fathers of modern psychology and group dynamics. This simple model allows one to look at an issue from all angles, both positive and negative, and make sound decisions based on the results.

Considerations

As part of your analysis, these are some of the important factors to consider: resources, relationships, vested interests, traditions, organizational structure, attitudes, policies, past and present practices, personal needs, group needs, events, desires, values, costs and people.

Process

1. Begin with either a change you wish to implement or a well-defined goal.
2. Write this goal or change on the top of a large sheet of paper, whiteboard or chalkboard.
3. Draw a line down the middle of your paper, and at the top of the left side, write "driving forces" or "pros," and label the right side with "restraining forces" or "cons."
4. Brainstorm a list of both pros and cons using the considerations listed above and write them on the chart in the appropriate column.
5. Now ask yourself (or the group) if these forces are valid, their significance, their strengths and weaknesses, can they be altered, and if so, would there be rapid change.
6. After discussing these questions and their answers, you should be informed enough to assign a score to each force based on its strength and the degree to which it is possible to change or influence the force. Rate each from 1 to 5, 1 being the weakest and 5 the strongest.
6. Tally the total score for each column.
7. With these scores, you can plainly see if the change is possible.
8. Set a reasonable implementation plan for the change which strengthens the positive forces and weakens the negative forces, enabling the change to occur.

Function

This method of breaking down an issue is very helpful to gain group support for a change. It provides participants the opportunity to identify opponents as well as allies to the change, and provides a clearer understanding of how to influence important stakeholders. It also allows the group (or individual) to clearly evaluate and analyze the issue from all angles and shift the equilibrium of driving forces.

Potential

Whether you are weighing the pros and cons of purchasing a new car or determining the best strategy for a multi-billion dollar business, a force field analysis is a great way to thoroughly analyze the situation before proceeding. Many people draw these lines on paper when making small, everyday decisions, although most rarely realize that they are using a time-tested model of social psychology.