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Without deck joists, the frame of a deck could not be constructed. Typically, deck joists are boards that are 2 by 8 or 2 by 10 feet. These pieces of wood create the skeleton from which the rest of the deck will be built. How the joists are positioned also determines the size of the deck's area.
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A deck's size is completely dependent on the homeowner's (or business owner's) specifications. If the owner is good at do-it-yourself projects, then these specifications are generally clearly understood and executed. If the owner hires a contractor, then the height of the deck, the position of the deck and the overall size of the deck must be clearly explained to the contractor. If not, then the wrong materials, including the size of the deck joists, could be purchased and delivered.
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The function of deck joists depends on how they are installed. For example, for decks that are butted right up against a house, the deck joists will be hung off the header that is attached to the house. The header is a piece of wood that is attached directly to the house and is typically 10 inches wide. The joists are hung from the header using joist hangers that are level to the top of the header board.
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Deck joists are hung parallel to each other in order to ensure stability and durability. Deck joists are also hung perpendicular to the house for the same reason. This process also distributes the weight of the deck evenly and allows for easier construction for the consumer or the contractor. To create a strong structure, it is recommended by most builders to place deck joists 16 inches apart, on center. "On center" means the center measurement from one joist to the next. Rarely can a deck support a longer span than that.
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All boards used for deck joists must be inspected closely for defects. Any defects found on these board could pose a potential safety hazard and should not be used. If you find knots in the boards, these boards will often fail because the knots cannot handle the tension when weight is applied to them.
