About DNA Models
The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) model is a double helix that is a representation of the basic building blocks of the genetic blueprint for the reproduction of life. The structure is modeled to represent the twisting strands composed of sugars and phosphate groups and the four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine).
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History
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James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with creating the very first DNA model that revealed the double helix structure. Some controversy still rages as to how much credit for discovering DNA should be given to Watson and Crick because so much of their work relied upon the unpublished research of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. The actual creation of the first successful DNA model is solidly credited to them, however.
Significance
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Building a model of the DNA double helix was quickly recognized as a valuable learning tool in science classrooms from elementary schools through college. The three dimensional aspects of a DNA model facilitates the process of learning what is actually a very complex lesson in genetic structure. Even just looking at the complicated structure in model form creates more excitement that seeing it in drawings.
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Types
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The only limitation involved in making a DNA model is the imagination of the creator. DNA models for serious study tend to be created with plastic, but for K through 12, part of the educational appeal is trying to figure out new and creative ways to build a model. Models have been made using everything from pipe cleaners to K'Nex construction toys to Legos. It is even possible to craft a DNA model as origami.
Considerations
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Any student who is looking forward to taking part in a science fair should seriously consider incorporating a DNA model. The project need not even be dedicated to DNA; any science fair exhibit that touches upon genetics and the building blocks of life benefits from the inclusion of a 3-D model as an attention-grabber, at the very least.
Misconceptions
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Making a DNA model does not always mean creating a physical model. While the typical colorful model is appealing, sophisticated computer graphics and animation may actually be an even better teaching tool. An animation program can put the DNA model into motion and highlight the four bases. A computerized DNA model can actually enhance the spiral structure of the double helix by twisting it around to reveal the full extent of its sophistication and complexity.
Function
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The function of a DNA model is to enhance the learning experience, but in some cases the focus is entirely upon the structure rather than the process of creation. For that reason, it may be preferable to purchase a DNA model kit. Kits come both pre-assembled and ready to assemble. If building a model is less important than working with a professionally designed model, a pre-assembled double helix might be preferred. This assures the scientific accuracy of the model and also allows the lessons to begin immediately without the delay involved in designing a model.
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Resources
- Photo Credit Michael Wade, Creative Commons Attribution
