- Women have been using heated rods and irons to straighten their hair since the late 1800s, but as technology advanced, so did the methods for achieving this sleek look. In the mid-1900s, chemicals were introduced as a permanent alternative, but the composition was intense and harsh on the scalp. Today, there are dozens of permanent hair-straightening chemicals that are safer and gentler than those of the past.
- Permanent hair straightening breaks down the keratin protein bonds in the hair with chemicals, then resets the bonds after the hair has been straightened. There are two steps in the process. The first application is put on dry hair, then gently and evenly combed through, since the hair is extremely fragile at this stage. Once it has been determined that the keratin bonds have been broken down, the first solution is dissolved and the second is applied to reset the new bonds.
- The two most common types of permanent hair straightening are thermal reconditioning (also known as Japanese straightening) and Brazilian keratin treatment. Thermal reconditioning consists of a cycle of shampooing, heating, blowing out and flat ironing, which is repeated several times. Brazilian keratin treatment is the newest and gentlest method; it requires an active keratin solution to be applied and the hair ironed.
- The actual process is very short--around 1 hour--yet requires the utmost caution to be taken with the skin and scalp. The solution itself is left on for about 5 to 8 minutes, depending on the hair type and chemicals used. After the procedure, the hair will be fragile. Stylists recommend a protein-rich shampoo to improve the strength and shine of the hair, and a leave-in conditioner to replace moisture. On average, touch-up applications are done two to three times a year, depending on how quickly the hair grows.
- Permanent hair straightening requires the use of harsh chemicals, so the procedure should always be done by a professional hair stylist. Even though it's possible to purchase at-home hair-relaxing kits, many problems can arise--such as scalp irritation and hair damage--if the process is not performed properly. It's also wise to schedule a consultation at a salon before going through with the permanent straightening, since hair types vary by person. Bleaching and hair coloring should also be avoided.
