How Is Plaque Detected?

Plaque is a thin film that builds up on the teeth. Plaque is formed by bacteria and other microorganisms. These bacteria are not in themselves harmful, but they can cause cavities to form in your teeth. Plaque can be detected by using disclosing tablets, which can help reveal plaque deposits. Plaque can be removed by either careful brushing and flossing or by a careful cleaning from a dentist.

Identification

Plaque is what is called a biofilm, which is a type of film that is made up of substances coming from living organisms. Plaque is caused by microorganisms that live within the mouth, mostly bacteria. The primary bacteria responsible for plaque are Streptococcus mutans and anerobic bacteria (these are bacteria that do not need oxygen to survive). These bacteria are all normally located in the oral cavity and are harmless. However, if they build up into a thicker layer, then the ones nearest to the tooth start metabolizing anerobically, which causes them to secrete acid.

Significance

When these bacteria release acid, it can damage the teeth by causing demineralization of the tooth surface, which can lead to cavities. In addition, the thick buildup of black prevents saliva from getting to the tooth surface and neutralizing the acid. This acid can also cause irritation of the gums, leading to gingivitis and tooth loss. Finally, the plaque can become calcified, causing tartar buildup.

Features

Plaque can be detected via the use of plaque disclosing tablets. These tablets contain a type of dye, often found in food dyes that stain the plaque with a strong color, usually blue or red. As a result, areas where plaque has not yet been removed become more obvious to the person brushing, letting him know where his trouble spots are.

Expert Insight

Plaque disclosing tablets are best used after brushing and flossing. Crush the tablet in your mouth, allowing it to mix with saliva, and let it swish around for 30 seconds. Then, rinse your mouth with water and spit it out and look for areas that have been stained. Since the tablets stain all bacteria, they may also stain the tongue and gums. Look for discolored parts of the teeth which need to be brushed again. After brushing again, check again with disclosing tablets.

Prevention/Solution

The frequency with which you floss and brush is important because plaque that has been present for less than 12 hours damages the teeth less than that which has been around for days. Antiseptic, antiplaque mouthwashes also work to kill the bacteria that cause plaque and also reduce the risk of gingivitis. Finally, regular dental checkups are essential for detecting damaged teeth and ensuring proper hygiene.