What Is a Bunion?
Bunions are common foot problems that develop when bone and tissue at the base of the big toe grow excessively. Poorly fitting shoes, high heels and arthritis can lead to this condition. It is more common in women, probably because they are more likely to wear shoes that contribute to the development of bunions.
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Effects
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Bunions can be recognized by a bump on the side of the big toe. Because of changes in the structure of the foot, symptoms like pain, soreness, swelling and redness develop at the site. It may burn or feel numb. Symptoms are usually aggravated by tight shoes and standing for long periods of time. If you have a bunion, you may also develop an ingrown toenail, sores, calluses and gradual immobility of the affected toe.
Identification
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A family doctor or podiatrist diagnoses bunions through a physical examination of the foot. You will be asked to move the big toe to check for flexibility. The doctor will gauge redness and swelling in the area. An x-ray may be taken to assess the cause and severity of the bunion and to find out the degree of change in the joint. In most cases, bunions are externally visible and painful. Because a bunion is a progressive condition, it can get worse over time and needs to be treated in a timely manner.
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Considerations
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Other conditions that affect the joint of the big toe closest to the foot sometimes mimic bunions. These include arthritis or gout in this joint, or a fracture of the bone near the joint. Injury to the joint can cause swelling that resembles a bunion. Bunions gradually develop over time and are not a result of sudden trauma.
Considerations
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Bunions are usually simple to treat, but in severe cases may require surgery. An early bunion could correct itself if it is a result of improper footwear. The first steps in treating a bunion include wearing comfortable, roomy shoes, and using ice packs and over-the-counter painkillers to relieve discomfort and swelling. You can also use a specially designed pad to reduce pressure on the area. If the bunion continues to progress after taking these steps, or if the pain is not relieved, surgery can be performed to correct the problem.
Warning
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Bunions are very painful and people who have one tend to change their gait to put less pressure on the toe. Eventually, this can deform the foot and lead to additional problems. Bunions, especially those that develop during childhood, can progressively worsen as the fluid sac in the joint swells. This can cause excruciating pain and may require surgery to correct. The best way to avoid complications from a bunion is to get prompt treatment and avoid wearing shoes that compress the toes.
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