Signs of Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a condition of the gums that causes them to become swollen, sensitive and bleed easily. Gingivitis is a very common dental problem. It is brought about by bacteria and, while not serious, if it is not looked after, it can lead to much more serious problems.

Time Frame

Plaque is the force behind gingivitis. It is an unseen film that forms on the teeth, made up mostly of bacteria. When the sugars and starches that a person consumes mix with the bacteria that are always present in the mouth, plaque is the result. It can be removed by brushing your teeth, but it comes back within a day. If it stays as long as 2 or 3 days, then plaque can start to harden under the gum line and become what is called tartar. Bacteria thrive in tartar, where they begin to irritate the part of the gum known as the gingiva, which is at the base of the teeth.

Effects

The bacteria in tartar will make your gums bleed easily when you brush your teeth--this is the most obvious sign of gingivitis. Early on the gums will not hurt, so you can have gingivitis without realizing it. As it advances in severity, the gums will become swollen and feel soft. They will go from pink to red and you will detect blood on your toothbrush when you brush.

Potential

Anything that causes a decrease in saliva production can increase your potential of getting gingivitis. Many prescription drugs and anti-depressants have this effect. Viral infections are also responsible for some cases of gingivitis, as are maladies like leukemia and immune deficiencies. Pregnant women are at risk for gingivitis, especially if they experience frequent bouts of morning sickness. Poor diet that lacks such necessary nutrients as calcium, vitamins C and B, also promote gingivitis.

Considerations

If gingivitis is not treated, it can turn into periodontitis, where bacteria invade the tissue in the gums and even the bones. Teeth can be lost, and if bacteria get into the bloodstream, there is an outside chance of heart attack or stroke. Luckily, your dentist can clean your teeth thoroughly and remove the tartar and plaque.

Prevention/Solution

Brushing your teeth at least twice a day can keep gingivitis from becoming a problem. Check your children's gums for the telltale sign of gingivitis--red gums--and prompt them to brush more often. Toothbrushes with soft bristles are best and they should be changed every 4 months. Flossing your teeth gets bacteria out of hard-to-reach places.