What Are Pinworms?

A pinworm, also known as a threadworm, is a white, small, thin roundworm that can live in the human colon and rectum. A pinworm is about as long as a piece of rice or a staple. Female pinworms travel through the intestine through the anus while the infected person sleeps. Once there, they deposit their eggs. Pinworms can affect people of all socioeconomic levels and ages and is one of the most common types of worm infection.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pinworms are generally mild and some individuals may have no symptoms. However, most people that are infected with pinworms will feel restless and have difficulty sleeping due to itching around the anus. This itching occurs when female pinworms are out and actively laying their eggs.

Risk Factors

Routine hand washing can help prevent becoming infected with pinworms. The people who are most often susceptible to pinworms are preschool and school-aged children. People who are in institutions are also at a higher risk, as are household members of people who have pinworms. Individuals who care for people who have pinworms are also at risk.

Acquired/Spread

Pinworm eggs have to be orally ingested for a person to become infected. Pinworms are spread unknowingly by the transfer of eggs from the anus to the mouth by the hand. Infections can also occur if an individual has contact with contaminated bedding, food, clothing or other articles. Since pinworm eggs are so small, they can also become airborne and be ingested through breathing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by identifying the eggs or the worms. Worms can most commonly be seen around the anus and on the pajamas and underclothes roughly two to three hours after the person goes to sleep. Worms can be collected by pressing a piece of clear tape to the anal area. The tape test can also be effectively done in the morning prior to urination, bowel movements or showering. The tape can be examined under a microscope for eggs, however, pinworms can generally be seen with the naked eye. Pinworms are rarely found in stool samples.

Treatment

Pinworms can be treated with medications---both prescription and over the counter. Treatment usually involves two doses of medication. The first dose is taken as soon as possible. The second dose is taken two weeks after the first dose. It's advised that everyone in the household, or people who are caretakers of an individual who has a pinworm infection, also receive treatment at the same time. Good hygiene, routine hand washing, and cleaning beneath the nails can prevent re-infection.

Resources

• Hardin M.D.